The results provided data regarding the bacteria composition and dynamics in an MWTS, which will contribute to the beneficial manipulation of the mineral water microbiome. This study is the first to investigate the bacterial community of a full-scale mineral water treatment plant in China. The core microbiome, which was still present in whole MWTS comprised several genera including Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Clostridium, and Mycobacterium, that contain species that are opportunistic pathogens, suggesting a potential threat for mineral water microbiology safety. A large shift in the proportion of Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes was obtained during the treatment process, with the proportion of Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria decreasing sharply, whereas that of Firmicutes increased and predominated in the final water product. Among these, Proteobacteria constituted the dominant bacteria microbiota in all water samples. Illumina sequencing analysis of 16s rRNA genes revealed 15 bacterial phyla (relative abundance >0.1%) as being identified in all water samples. Proteobacteria accounted for 55.7% (167) of the total isolates, among which predominant genus was Pseudomonas (19.3%). All 300 isolates obtained using cultivation-based techniques were distributed in 5 phyla, 7 classes, and 19 genera. The microbial activity and biomass of water samples obviously changed along with treatment process. Overall, adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) concentration (6.47 × 10 -11 – 3.32 × 10 -8 M) and heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) (3 – 1.29 × 10 3 CFU/mL) of water samples in the wet season were lower than those (ATP concentration 5.10 × 10 -11 – 6.96 × 10 -8 M, HPC 2 – 1.97 × 10 3 CFU/mL) in the dry season throughout the whole MWTS. The bacterial community of a full-scale mineral water treatment plant in the Maofeng Mountain, South China, was studied using high-throughput sequencing combined with cultivation-based techniques in both the dry and wet season. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the bacterial composition and dynamics in a mineral water treatment system (MWTS). 4Guangdong Dinghu Mountain Spring Company Limited, Zhaoqing, China.3College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.2State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.1School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.Lei Wei 1,2, Qingping Wu 2*, Jumei Zhang 2, Weipeng Guo 2, Qihui Gu 2, Huiqing Wu 2, Juan Wang 3, Tao Lei 2, Moutong Chen 2, Musheng Wu 4 and Aimei Li 4
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